Melanomul malign

Case report

A 69-year-old Romanian male patient was admitted to the Plastic Surgery Unit at the Floreasca Clinical Emergency Hospital Bucharest, complaining of the appearance of a cutaneous tumor on the back, interscapullary, which had been growing rapidly in size and had bled several times in the previous 6 months. It was a firm dark brown tumour, adherent to the skin, with no bleeding or ulceration at the moment of examination. The patient performed a dermatological consult which raised the suspicion of a malignant melanoma⁽¹⁾.
 

Considering the history of the lesion, the patient was admitted at the hospital, and after regular investigations (blood samples and EKG) he was planned for surgery. The surgery implied a circular incision with the electric cautery followed by another incision placed on the exterior of the previous one performed with a scalpel and the excision of the tumour with subcutaneous fat with 20 mm margin (Figures 1 and 2). The resulting defect was then covered by creating one local Limberg flap. After minutious haemostasis and adequate cleaning of the wound, the suture was performed in anatomical layers (Figure 4).
 

In the following days, the patient was assessed and dressings were performed daily. The evolution was favorable, with the wounds healing nicely, without any complications. On the third day, the patient was discharged from the hospital with the recommendations of continuing the antibiotherapy, the administration of pain killers (if needed), and follow-up at 7 and 14 days.

The histopathology result, which was ready 21 days after the operation, confirmed the initial suspicion and had the result of malignant melanoma with Clarck III and Breslow index >0.76 mm (approximately 1.3 mm) and complete excision of the tumor.

Discussion

Malignant melanoma is not a rare disease in Romania. Being a serious illness, very aggressive and with potential of bad prognosis, it is of the outmost importance that is diagnosed as fast as possible, thus increasing the chances of survival⁽¹⁾.

Several studies have been performed on this subject, and in one of these Osterlind found that some characteristics influence the evolution of the disease, with women and younger patients having better prognosis and survival rates than men, and older people and better localized tumours being less aggressive than the disseminated ones^(1,2).

The patient from our study had a localized lesion in the instercapullary region, but had higher risk, being an older-aged male.

Also, malignant melanoma seems to be more frequent in white people, as well as in Africans and others^(3,4).

An important aspect is the classification of the malignant melanoma. Over the years, several classifications for malignant melanomas have been proposed, which include the Breslow, Clark and TNM classifications (the last being the most elaborate).

The more summarized versions are the first two, with Breslow indicating the depth of the lesion and offering a prediction of the future evolution, while Clark being used to describe mostly the thin forms of melanoma^(5,6).

Breslow classification:

• Thickness of 0.75 mm or less
• Thickness of 0.76-1.5 mm
• Thickness of 1.51-4 mm
• Thickness greater than 4 mm.

Clark classification:

Level I – involves only the epidermis (in situ melanoma).

Level II – invades papillary dermis, but not the papillary-reticular interface.

Level III – invades the papillary dermis up to the interface, but without the reticular dermis.

Level IV – invades the reticular dermis, but not the subcutaneous tissue.

Level V – invasion into the subcutaneous tissue. 

Conclusions

Malignant melanoma is gaining a rapidly increasing incidence yearly worldwide. It remains an important and challenging issue because of the subclinical micrometastases that it may generate and which can affect the other organs in the same time in which the primary lesions is being treated. Hence the importance of clinical trials and screening in evading complications^(1,6). 

Conflict of interests: The author declares no conflict of interests.