EDITORIAL

Măsuri profilactice în osteoporoza postmenopauzală

 Prophylactic measures in postmenopausal osteoporosis

First published: 28 iunie 2024

Editorial Group: MEDICHUB MEDIA

DOI: 10.26416/JourNutri.2.2.2024.9757

Abstract

Osteoporosis is a serious health problem that decreases the quality of life and imposes an individual and social fi­nan­cial burden. Lifestyle choices throughout life have an im­pact on osteoporosis and fracture risk. Characterized by low bone mass and micro-architectural damage to bone tissue, it results in increased bone fragility and, con­se­quently, an increased risk of fracture. The prevalence of osteo­po­ro­sis increases exponentially with age and is much more common in postmenopausal women. For ol­der adults, for whom falls contribute significantly to frac­ture risk, physical activity should aim to improve mus­cle strength and balance. It is important to note that the maximum benefits of physical activity on bone health depend on adequate nutrient intake, especially cal­cium and vitamin D, and hormonal status. As a pre­ven­tive measure, we recommend an adequate intake of calcium, protein and vitamin D (through diet and/or food supplements) in childhood and adolescence, in or­­der to create a resilient bone structure, accompanied by a healthy lifestyle in the cycle of life (marked by regular phy­si­cal exercise, sun exposure, avoiding risk factors that eli­mi­na­te calcium from the body or those that block the ab­sorp­tion of calcium and vitamin D), both ef­fec­tively com­ple­men­ted by nutritional education in the com­mu­ni­ty.
 

Keywords
osteoporosis, calcium, vitamin D, menopause

Rezumat

Osteoporoza este o problemă gravă de sănătate care sca­de ca­li­ta­tea vieţii şi impune o povară financiară in­di­vi­dua­lă şi pentru societate. Alegerile în privinţa sti­lu­lui de viaţă de-a lungul vieţii au un impact asupra os­teo­po­ro­zei şi ris­cu­lui de fractură. Caracterizată prin masă osoa­să scă­zu­tă şi deteriorări microarhitecturale ale ţe­su­tu­lui osos, are ca rezultat creşterea fragilităţii osoase şi, consecutiv, creş­te­rea riscului de fractură. Prevalenţa os­teo­po­ro­zei creşte exponenţial, odată cu vârsta, şi este mult mai frec­vent întâlnită la femei în postmenopauză. Pen­tru adul­ţii în vârstă, pentru care căderile contribuie sem­ni­fi­ca­tiv la riscul de fractură, activitatea fizică ar tre­bui să urmărească îmbunătăţirea forţei şi echilibrului mus­cu­lar. Este important de menţionat că beneficiile ma­xi­me ale activităţii fizice asupra sănătăţii oaselor depind de aportul adecvat de nutrienţi, în special de calciu şi vi­ta­mi­na D, precum şi de starea hormonală normală. Ca mă­su­ră preventivă recomandăm un aport adecvat de cal­ciu, proteine şi vitamina D (prin dietă sau/şi suplimente ali­men­ta­re) în copilărie şi adolescenţă, pentru crearea unei structuri osoase rezistente, însoţită de un stil de via­ţă să­nă­tos în ciclul de viaţă (marcat prin exerciţii fizice re­gu­la­te, ex­pu­ne­re la soare, evitarea factorilor de risc care elimină cal­ciul din corp sau cei care blochează absorbţia calciului şi a vitaminei D), ambele completate eficient prin educaţia nu­tri­ţio­na­lă în comunitate.
 

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